Ethereum
Ethereum’s Pectra upgrade could be split into two forks
Developers have already crafted nine EIPs to include in the upcoming Ethereum hard fork.
With Ethereum’s upcoming Pectra upgrade shaping up to be the most extensive in the network’s history, developers are considering splitting its rollout over two separate hard forks.
Following the last run of All Core Devs call on June 6, Christine Kim, researcher at Galaxy Digital, tweeted that the developers plan to run the upgrade across two forks.
Kim noted that the inclusion of nine Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs) has already been confirmed, and five additional upgrades are under consideration. She added that upgrades are done in batches in devnet implementations, allowing Pectra’s scope to expand before deployment.
“That’s A LOT for a single upgrade, so there’s still a good chance Pectra will be split,” Kim said. “Putting multiple EIPs in place for implementation on devnets is a new development for Ethereum’s governance process that leaves the door open for an upgrade with an ever-changing scope.”
Pectra’s upcoming Devnet 1 will include the same eight EIPs tested on Devnet 0.
Disruptive changes
According to Ethereum Chief Scientist Vitalik Buterin, Pectra is among the latest expected upgrades. disruptive changes to Ethereum.
“Once scaling is complete, we are in a stage where the hardest and fastest parts of the Ethereum protocol transition are essentially complete,” Buterin said during a Foundation livestream Ethereum in April 2023. “Various things will need to be done, but these… things can be done safely at a slower pace.
Five execution layer upgrades and four consensus layer upgrades have been “finalized» to be included as part of Pectra thus far, covering an eclectic assortment of EIPs dating back to 2020.
Verkle Trees and Statelessness
EIP-2935 is an essential component of Pectra necessary to facilitate the introduction of Verkle Trees and statelessness. Verkle Trees will remove the need for nodes to store network state locally, significantly reducing the computational requirements of validators.
According to Kim, the developers are also working on three “parallel upgrades” that will likely be integrated into Pectra.
These include validator development thin clients, which do not download the entire Ethereum blockchain. Light clients are intended to improve Ethereum’s decentralization by allowing users to validate the network using “resource-constrained devices such as tablets and mobile phones.”
As nodes are no longer needed to store the entire history of Ethereum blocks, EIP-4444 would also formalize the removal of historical data from full nodes after a set amount of time, further reducing the computational demands of validators with the aim of improving node decentralization.
“With EIP-4444: History Expiration, you would not need to store most of the history locally,” Buterin said. “The amount of data you would need to be a node would go from several terabytes to… being able to run a node in RAM.”
DApps and other nodes that need to access deleted block history could query third-party data services after EIP-4444 is deployed.
Developers are also exploring PeerDASwhich would provide greater availability of Layer 2 data after the introduction of proto-danksharding in March.
Consensus layer upgrades
Many of the upgrades planned for inclusion in Pectra aim to improve the functionality and efficiency of Ethereum staking.
EIP-6110 aims to reduce the delay between the posting of collateral by actors on the execution layer of the Ethereum mainnet and the processing of corresponding transactions on the Beacon chain. This would also reduce the complexity of the validator client software.
EIP-7251 aims to slow the growth and reduce the size of Ethereum’s validator in order to strengthen the security of the network. EIP-7002 would increase the number of designs available to developers creating staking pools.
EIP-7549 aims to improve the efficiency of attestations, which would reduce network load and node bandwidth demands.
Runtime Layer Upgrades
On the execution layer, EIP-2537 And EIP-7865 would strengthen interoperability between the Ethereum mainnet and its Beacon Chain consensus layer. This would extend the functionality of decentralized staking pools, DAOs, and dApps that communicate with the Beacon Chain for staking functions.
A set of ten EIPs relating to EVM Object Format (EOF) aims to modernize the Ethereum Virtual Machine, Ethereum’s main smart contract engine. EOF would improve the scalability of EVM contracts as well as the efficiency of smart contract code execution.
EIP-7702 is a controversial upgrade that would “enablesmart account” Features for regular External Account (EOA) wallets. The upgrade would enable batch trade execution, transaction fee sponsorship, and delegated wallet security, but critics warned the upgrade could make users vulnerable to new attack vectors.
“It’s important to note that developers are staging Pectra EIPs, which means that if EOF, EIP-7702, or PeerDAS does not become a devnet in the next few months, developers could remove it from deployment entirely. level or split Pectra in two. two hard forks,” Kim said.
Unconfirmed upgrades
Kim noted two additional upgrades to the consensus layer that the developers have not yet confirmed for inclusion in Pectra.
EIP-7688 would make it easier for staking pools to check if a participating validator has been minted.
Developers may also consider reduce the rate of new Ether issuance. Mike Neuder, a researcher at the Ethereum Foundation, recently made the case for such a move, arguing that the Ethereum network and ecosystem have undergone a “seismic” change since Ether’s staking reward mechanism was finalized. as part of preparations for the deployment of the Beacon Chain in 2020.
However, the proposal quickly proved divisive, with many community members opposing Nueder’s suggestion. Some observers feared that this could open the door to Ethereum Foundation researchers frequently meddling in the network’s tokenomics without input from the broader community.
Ethereum
Cryptocurrency liquidations surpass $200 million as Ethereum and Bitcoin plummet
Cryptocurrency market liquidations hit their highest level in a week on Wednesday as the price of Bitcoin fell below $60,000.
Over the past 24 hours, over 74,000 traders have been liquidated for $208 million, CoinGlass the data shows it.
The majority of those losses, about $184 million, went to investors holding long positions who had bet on a price rise.
The largest liquidations hit Ethereum investors, at $55.5 million, almost entirely on long positions, the data showed.
Current issues surrounding US monetary policy, geopolitical tensions, and the upcoming US presidential election in November are expected to impact the price of the leading cryptocurrency throughout 2024.
Bitcoin abandoned The stock price fell from $62,200 to $59,425 intraday. The asset has since recovered its losses above $60,200, but is still down 3% over the past 24 hours.
Solana, the world’s fifth-largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization, was the worst hit among the top 10 cryptocurrencies, down about 8% to $140. Solana had been riding high on New York investment management firm VanEck’s filing of its Solana Trust exchange-traded fund late last month.
Major cryptocurrencies have been falling over the past month. Ethereum has fallen more than 12% over 30 days despite growing interest in the launch of Ethereum spot ETFs.
Some analysts predict that new financial products could begin marketing in mid-Julywith at least one company predicting that the price of ETH will then take offBitcoin is down 12% over the same period.
Certainly, analysts always see further price increases this yearThe current market cooling represents a precursor to another major price surge in the coming months, Decrypt reported Monday.
On Wednesday, analytics firm CryptoQuant released a report examining Bitcoin Mining Metrics and highlighted the conditions for a return of prices to current levels.
Edited by Sebastian Sinclair.
Ethereum
Volume up 90%: good for ETH price?
Ethereum (ETH) has emerged as a beacon in the sea of blockchains, with a staggering 92% increase in decentralized application (dApp) volume over the past week. But the news comes with a layer of complexity, revealing a landscape of both opportunity and potential setbacks for the leading blockchain.
Cheap gas fuels the fire
Analysts attribute the explosion in decentralized application volume to the Dencun upgrade in March, which significantly reduced gas costs – the cost associated with processing transactions on the Ethereum network.
Lower transaction fees have always attracted users, and this recent development seems to be no exception. The surge in activity suggests a revitalized Ethereum that is likely to attract new projects and foster a more vibrant dApp ecosystem.
NFT craze drives numbers up
While overall dApp volume (see chart below) paints a positive picture, a closer look reveals a more nuanced story. This surge appears to be driven primarily by an increase in NFT (non-fungible token) trading and staking activity.
Source: DappRadar
Apps like Blur and Uniswap’s NFT aggregator have seen significant surges, highlighting the rise of the NFT market on Ethereum. This trend indicates a thriving niche in the Ethereum dApp landscape, but raises questions about the platform’s diversification beyond NFTs.
A look at user engagement
A curious problem emerges when looking at user engagement metrics. Despite the impressive increase in volume, the number of unique active wallets (UAWs) on the Ethereum network has actually decreased.
Ethereum is now trading at $3,316. Chart: TradingView
This disconnect suggests that current activity could be driven by a smaller, more active user base. While high volume is certainly a positive indicator, seeing broader user participation is essential to ensuring the sustainability of the dApp ecosystem.
A glimmer of hope ?
A positive long-term indicator for Ethereum is the trend of decreasing holdings on the exchange, as reported by Glass nodeThis suggests that ETH holders are moving their assets off exchanges, potentially reducing selling pressure and contributing to price stability.
If this trend continues, ETH could potentially target $4,000 this quarter or even surpass its all-time high. However, this price prediction remains speculative and depends on various market forces.
Ether price expected to rise in coming weeks. Source: CoinCodex
Ethereum at a Crossroads
Ethereum is at a crossroads. Dencun Upgrade has clearly revitalized dApp activity, particularly in the NFT space. However, uneven dApp performance and the decline of the UAW are raising concerns about the long-term sustainability of this growth. Network growth, measured by the number of new addresses joining the network, is also slowing, according to Santiment, which could potentially hamper wider adoption.
The short-term price outlook for ETH remains uncertain. While long-term indicators, such as declining exchange holdings, suggest potential for price appreciation, slowing network growth could lead to a price decline in the short term.
Look forward to
The coming months will be crucial for Ethereum. The platform must capitalize on the renewed interest in dApps by attracting a broader user base and fostering a more diverse dApp ecosystem beyond NFTs. Addressing scalability issues and ensuring user-friendly interfaces will also be essential to sustain growth.
If Ethereum can overcome these challenges, it has the potential to cement its position as the premier platform for decentralized applications. However, if it fails to adapt, other waiting blockchains could capitalize on its shortcomings.
Featured image from Pexels, chart from TradingView
Ethereum
Ethereum, Bitcoin, and XRP Behind $1.5 Billion Losses in Cryptocurrency Scams
The first half of 2024 has seen a surge in major hacks in the cryptocurrency sector. Ethereum (ETH)Bitcoin (BTC) and XRP have resulted in losses of over $1.5 billion due to cryptocurrency scams. This year, over 200 major incidents have resulted in losses of approximately $1.56 billion.
Cryptocurrency Scam Losses Reach $1.5 Billion
According to data from Peck Shield Alert, only $319 million in lost crypto funds have been recovered. Furthermore, this year’s losses represent a staggering 293% increase over the same period in 2023, when losses totaled $480 million.
Overview of Cryptocurrency Scams in 2024, Source: PeckShieldAlert | X
Additionally, DeFi protocols have been the top targets for hackers, accounting for 59% of the total value stolen. More than 20 public chains have suffered major hacks during this period. Additionally, Ethereum, Bitcoin, and XRP top the list for the amount lost via cryptocurrency hacks.
Additionally, Ethereum and BNB Chain were the most frequently targeted, each accounting for 31.3% of the total hacks. Meanwhile, Arbitrum followed with 12.5% of the attacks. One of the most significant incidents occurred on June 3, 2024.
Bitcoin DMMa major Japanese cryptocurrency exchange, reported a major breach. Attackers stole 4,502.9 BTC, worth over $300 million at the time. The incident highlighted the vulnerabilities of exchanges, especially those that handle large volumes of digital assets.
Read also : XRP News: Whale Moves 63 Million Coins as Ripple Strengthens Its Case
Major XRP, ETH and BTC hacks
A week after the DMM Bitcoin attack on June 10, UwU Loana decentralized finance (DeFi) lending protocol, was compromised. The breach resulted in a loss of approximately $19.3 million in digital assets. The hack underscores the ongoing risks associated with DeFi platforms, which often operate with less regulatory oversight. The platform later offered a $5 million reward to catch the hacker.
Earlier this year, on February 3, 2024, Ripple co-founder Chris Larsen confirmed a major security breach involving his personal wallets. Initially, rumors circulated that Ripple itself was targeted. However, Larsen clarified that the hack involved his digital wallets and not Ripple’s corporate assets.
The hackers managed to transfer 213 million XRP tokens, worth approximately $112.5 million. Additionally, on-chain detective ZachXBT first alerted the community about the suspicious transactions. In response to the theft, Larsen and various cryptocurrency exchanges took swift action to mitigate the impact.
Several exchanges, including MEXC, Gate, Binance, Kraken, OKX, HTX, and HitBTC, collaborated to freeze a significant portion of the stolen funds. Binance alone froze $4.2 million worth of XRP to aid in the investigation.
Additionally, on April 2, 2024, FixedFloat, a Bitcoin Lightning-based exchange, experienced a security breach. Unauthorized transactions resulted in financial losses exceeding $3 million. This incident highlighted ongoing security issues for FixedFloat, following a similar breach earlier in the year.
The company has also faced significant challenges securing its platform against repeated attacks. Additionally, in February, hackers stole $26 million worth of Ethereum and Bitcoin from FixedFloat. These digital assets were then transferred to exchanges for profit.
Read also : Ethereum Doubles Bitcoin’s Network Fee Revenue, Thanks to Layer-2
Ethereum
Ethereum’s Year-Over-Year Revenue Tops Charts, Hitting $2.7 Billion
Ethereum blockchain has been in first place for a year incomesurpassing all major blockchains.
According to data provided by Lookonchain, Ethereum generated $2.72 billion in annual revenue, surpassing the Bitcoin network by a margin of $1.42 billion. The data shows that Bitcoin accumulated $1.3 billion in revenue over the same period.
Defi Llama Data watch that Ethereum is still the leader in decentralized finance (challenge) with a total value locked (TVL) of $58.4 billion, or 60.9% of the entire market. The blockchain recorded a 30-day fee revenue of $131 million, according to the data aggregator.
Bitcoin’s TVL is currently set at $1 billion.
The network of the second largest cryptocurrency, ETH, witness a 155% year-over-year increase in its fee revenue in the first quarter of this year, as the cryptocurrency market saw a bullish trend.
Tron comes in third with annual revenue of $459 million. Solana and BSC also recorded nine-figure revenues of $241 million and $176 million, respectively.
Notably, Tron is the second largest chain in the challenge scene with a TVL of $7.7 billion. BSC and Solana take third and fourth place with TVLs of $4.8 billion and $4.5 billion, according to Defi Llama.
Avalanche, zkSync Era, Optimism and Polygon reached the top 10 with $68 million, $59 million, $40 million and $23 million in year-over-year revenue, respectively.
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