Ethereum
Arbitrum Prepares to Completely Remove Its Training Wheels to Become a Phase 2 Ethereum Rollup
Community members are considering an instant temperature check on whether to bring BOLD, a new dispute resolution protocol, to Arbitrum One and Nova, which should improve the security of Arbitrum channels and remove restrictions on who can become a validator.
Posted June 12, 2024 at 10:40 AM EST.
While OP Mainnet reached an intermediate step on its path to decentralization on Monday, implementing its error-proofing mechanism, its main competitor Arbitrum took a preliminary step towards potentially reaching parity, preparing to take its wheels off completely training as an Ethereum scaling solution.
ArbitrumDAO members are currently considering checking the temperature on whether to propose an enhancement proposal to move Arbitrum’s tech stack closer to a Phase 2 Ethereum deployment. If approved, the network Layer 2 blockchain would be further along the path to becoming one of the first rollups among the 104 active and upcoming rollups to reach Stage 2, the final stage of the decentralization process, according to Ethereum co-founder, Vitalik Buterin. .
THE governance proposal would upgrade Arbitrum smart contracts to use BOLD, a new dispute resolution protocol that aims to improve the security of Arbitrum chains and allow anyone to be an Arbitrum validator, since current validators, which verify withdrawals from Arbitrum to the Ethereum base layer, are limited to an authorized list.
With BOLD, “validation is open to everyone, which means someone is sitting in their basement saying, ‘Hey, I don’t agree with what this validator said.’ I don’t need to trust you. I can just validate and do it myself,” said Steven Goldfeder, co-founder of Offchain Labs, the developer of Arbitrum.
THE continuous temperature control, which began Thursday and ends in a day, comes as rival L2 Optimism joined Arbitrum as a phase 1 rollout on Monday when the developers launched outage proofs, which allow users to opt out of L2 d ‘Optimism without any involvement of trusted third parties. However, even though Arbitrum had an anti-error system implemented on its mainnet chains before OP Mainnet, Arbitrum’s outage proofs are not permissionless unlike OP Mainnet’s.
The different stages of rollups
Most rollups have what Buterin calls “complete training wheels” because they are usually controlled by a multisig consisting of a security board. For these rollups, “it doesn’t matter if the on-chain mechanism for publishing new state roots is simply a multisig with no active evidence of fraud. [also known as fault proofs] or proof of validity whatsoever,” Buterin added.
Learn more: Should Ethereum Layer 2 urgently decentralize their sequencers?
Stage 1 rollups, on the other hand, can verify whether batches of transactions are valid before they are finalized on Ethereum’s base layer through various mechanisms such as outage proofs like those posted online on Optimism Monday. “There must be a system of proof of fraud or validity, which has the practical power to accept or reject which state roots are accepted by the cumulation contract,” Buterin wrote in November 2022.
State roots are cryptographic hashes that represent the current state of a blockchain network at a given time.
However, Stage 1 rollups still have a security council that can override the network’s proof system using a multi-signature wallet if necessary, thus maintaining a level of centralization. Arbitrum has been a phase 1 rollup for over a year, and according to a March 2023 blog post from the Arbitrum Foundation, evidence of fraud has been available on Arbitrum since its first testnet launch.
For stage 2 networks, “there should be no group of actors that can, even unanimously, publish a state root other than the output of the code,” Buterin wrote. In other words, smart contracts manage the result of the rollup, with human intervention only in the case where the code has bugs that could lead to conflicts between the different proof systems. Or, in more technical terms, this means that the rollup has more than one single proof system and its smart contracts cryptographically enforce a user’s ability to leave the system regardless of what anyone says, does or wants on the network, including security. advice.
“Implementing BOLD [if governance permits] securing Arbitrum One and Nova effectively enables permissionless validation, marking a key milestone for Arbitrum chains to be recognized as Phase 2 rollups, as part of Arbitrum’s journey toward full decentralization,” the proposal states.
What is fat?
An acronym for “Bounded Liquidity Delay,” BOLD is expected to decentralize Arbitrum’s technology stack and make the network more secure by “ensuring that any honest party can always successfully defend against malicious claims about the state of a blockchain.” Arbitrum,” according to the proposal.
BOLD aims to improve Arbitrum in two ways, namely by making validation permissionless and reducing the risk of delay attacks, which can prevent a user from removing their assets from the L2 and Ethereum base layer.
At the time of going to press, only a handful of validators are able to contribute to the security of Arbitrum, but “should it [Arbitrum Improvement Proposal] If adopted, permissionless validation using BOLD will allow any entity, individual, or team in the community to constructively participate in securing Arbitrum,” according to the governance proposal.
So far, 99.9% of all votes cast are in favor of introducing the BOLD upgrade to Arbitrum chains. If passed, the ArbitrumDAO will launch a public audit program before taking a formal vote on on-chain governance.
ARB, Arbitrum’s governance token, has a market capitalization of $2.7 billion, according to CoinGecko data. The cryptocurrency has slipped 7.2% over the past year and 15.1% over the past seven days to change hands at around 93 cents.
Correction (June 12, 2024 at 2:14 p.m. EST): While Arbitrum had evidence of failures before OP Mainnet, OP Mainnet made its system flawless before Arbitrum. Unchained incorrectly stated that Arbitrum was a step ahead of OP Mainnet with its recent upgrade in its decentralization journeys. Unchained regrets the mistake.
Ethereum
Cryptocurrency liquidations surpass $200 million as Ethereum and Bitcoin plummet
Cryptocurrency market liquidations hit their highest level in a week on Wednesday as the price of Bitcoin fell below $60,000.
Over the past 24 hours, over 74,000 traders have been liquidated for $208 million, CoinGlass the data shows it.
The majority of those losses, about $184 million, went to investors holding long positions who had bet on a price rise.
The largest liquidations hit Ethereum investors, at $55.5 million, almost entirely on long positions, the data showed.
Current issues surrounding US monetary policy, geopolitical tensions, and the upcoming US presidential election in November are expected to impact the price of the leading cryptocurrency throughout 2024.
Bitcoin abandoned The stock price fell from $62,200 to $59,425 intraday. The asset has since recovered its losses above $60,200, but is still down 3% over the past 24 hours.
Solana, the world’s fifth-largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization, was the worst hit among the top 10 cryptocurrencies, down about 8% to $140. Solana had been riding high on New York investment management firm VanEck’s filing of its Solana Trust exchange-traded fund late last month.
Major cryptocurrencies have been falling over the past month. Ethereum has fallen more than 12% over 30 days despite growing interest in the launch of Ethereum spot ETFs.
Some analysts predict that new financial products could begin marketing in mid-Julywith at least one company predicting that the price of ETH will then take offBitcoin is down 12% over the same period.
Certainly, analysts always see further price increases this yearThe current market cooling represents a precursor to another major price surge in the coming months, Decrypt reported Monday.
On Wednesday, analytics firm CryptoQuant released a report examining Bitcoin Mining Metrics and highlighted the conditions for a return of prices to current levels.
Edited by Sebastian Sinclair.
Ethereum
Volume up 90%: good for ETH price?
Ethereum (ETH) has emerged as a beacon in the sea of blockchains, with a staggering 92% increase in decentralized application (dApp) volume over the past week. But the news comes with a layer of complexity, revealing a landscape of both opportunity and potential setbacks for the leading blockchain.
Cheap gas fuels the fire
Analysts attribute the explosion in decentralized application volume to the Dencun upgrade in March, which significantly reduced gas costs – the cost associated with processing transactions on the Ethereum network.
Lower transaction fees have always attracted users, and this recent development seems to be no exception. The surge in activity suggests a revitalized Ethereum that is likely to attract new projects and foster a more vibrant dApp ecosystem.
NFT craze drives numbers up
While overall dApp volume (see chart below) paints a positive picture, a closer look reveals a more nuanced story. This surge appears to be driven primarily by an increase in NFT (non-fungible token) trading and staking activity.
Source: DappRadar
Apps like Blur and Uniswap’s NFT aggregator have seen significant surges, highlighting the rise of the NFT market on Ethereum. This trend indicates a thriving niche in the Ethereum dApp landscape, but raises questions about the platform’s diversification beyond NFTs.
A look at user engagement
A curious problem emerges when looking at user engagement metrics. Despite the impressive increase in volume, the number of unique active wallets (UAWs) on the Ethereum network has actually decreased.
Ethereum is now trading at $3,316. Chart: TradingView
This disconnect suggests that current activity could be driven by a smaller, more active user base. While high volume is certainly a positive indicator, seeing broader user participation is essential to ensuring the sustainability of the dApp ecosystem.
A glimmer of hope ?
A positive long-term indicator for Ethereum is the trend of decreasing holdings on the exchange, as reported by Glass nodeThis suggests that ETH holders are moving their assets off exchanges, potentially reducing selling pressure and contributing to price stability.
If this trend continues, ETH could potentially target $4,000 this quarter or even surpass its all-time high. However, this price prediction remains speculative and depends on various market forces.
Ether price expected to rise in coming weeks. Source: CoinCodex
Ethereum at a Crossroads
Ethereum is at a crossroads. Dencun Upgrade has clearly revitalized dApp activity, particularly in the NFT space. However, uneven dApp performance and the decline of the UAW are raising concerns about the long-term sustainability of this growth. Network growth, measured by the number of new addresses joining the network, is also slowing, according to Santiment, which could potentially hamper wider adoption.
The short-term price outlook for ETH remains uncertain. While long-term indicators, such as declining exchange holdings, suggest potential for price appreciation, slowing network growth could lead to a price decline in the short term.
Look forward to
The coming months will be crucial for Ethereum. The platform must capitalize on the renewed interest in dApps by attracting a broader user base and fostering a more diverse dApp ecosystem beyond NFTs. Addressing scalability issues and ensuring user-friendly interfaces will also be essential to sustain growth.
If Ethereum can overcome these challenges, it has the potential to cement its position as the premier platform for decentralized applications. However, if it fails to adapt, other waiting blockchains could capitalize on its shortcomings.
Featured image from Pexels, chart from TradingView
Ethereum
Ethereum, Bitcoin, and XRP Behind $1.5 Billion Losses in Cryptocurrency Scams
The first half of 2024 has seen a surge in major hacks in the cryptocurrency sector. Ethereum (ETH)Bitcoin (BTC) and XRP have resulted in losses of over $1.5 billion due to cryptocurrency scams. This year, over 200 major incidents have resulted in losses of approximately $1.56 billion.
Cryptocurrency Scam Losses Reach $1.5 Billion
According to data from Peck Shield Alert, only $319 million in lost crypto funds have been recovered. Furthermore, this year’s losses represent a staggering 293% increase over the same period in 2023, when losses totaled $480 million.
Overview of Cryptocurrency Scams in 2024, Source: PeckShieldAlert | X
Additionally, DeFi protocols have been the top targets for hackers, accounting for 59% of the total value stolen. More than 20 public chains have suffered major hacks during this period. Additionally, Ethereum, Bitcoin, and XRP top the list for the amount lost via cryptocurrency hacks.
Additionally, Ethereum and BNB Chain were the most frequently targeted, each accounting for 31.3% of the total hacks. Meanwhile, Arbitrum followed with 12.5% of the attacks. One of the most significant incidents occurred on June 3, 2024.
Bitcoin DMMa major Japanese cryptocurrency exchange, reported a major breach. Attackers stole 4,502.9 BTC, worth over $300 million at the time. The incident highlighted the vulnerabilities of exchanges, especially those that handle large volumes of digital assets.
Read also : XRP News: Whale Moves 63 Million Coins as Ripple Strengthens Its Case
Major XRP, ETH and BTC hacks
A week after the DMM Bitcoin attack on June 10, UwU Loana decentralized finance (DeFi) lending protocol, was compromised. The breach resulted in a loss of approximately $19.3 million in digital assets. The hack underscores the ongoing risks associated with DeFi platforms, which often operate with less regulatory oversight. The platform later offered a $5 million reward to catch the hacker.
Earlier this year, on February 3, 2024, Ripple co-founder Chris Larsen confirmed a major security breach involving his personal wallets. Initially, rumors circulated that Ripple itself was targeted. However, Larsen clarified that the hack involved his digital wallets and not Ripple’s corporate assets.
The hackers managed to transfer 213 million XRP tokens, worth approximately $112.5 million. Additionally, on-chain detective ZachXBT first alerted the community about the suspicious transactions. In response to the theft, Larsen and various cryptocurrency exchanges took swift action to mitigate the impact.
Several exchanges, including MEXC, Gate, Binance, Kraken, OKX, HTX, and HitBTC, collaborated to freeze a significant portion of the stolen funds. Binance alone froze $4.2 million worth of XRP to aid in the investigation.
Additionally, on April 2, 2024, FixedFloat, a Bitcoin Lightning-based exchange, experienced a security breach. Unauthorized transactions resulted in financial losses exceeding $3 million. This incident highlighted ongoing security issues for FixedFloat, following a similar breach earlier in the year.
The company has also faced significant challenges securing its platform against repeated attacks. Additionally, in February, hackers stole $26 million worth of Ethereum and Bitcoin from FixedFloat. These digital assets were then transferred to exchanges for profit.
Read also : Ethereum Doubles Bitcoin’s Network Fee Revenue, Thanks to Layer-2
Ethereum
Ethereum’s Year-Over-Year Revenue Tops Charts, Hitting $2.7 Billion
Ethereum blockchain has been in first place for a year incomesurpassing all major blockchains.
According to data provided by Lookonchain, Ethereum generated $2.72 billion in annual revenue, surpassing the Bitcoin network by a margin of $1.42 billion. The data shows that Bitcoin accumulated $1.3 billion in revenue over the same period.
Defi Llama Data watch that Ethereum is still the leader in decentralized finance (challenge) with a total value locked (TVL) of $58.4 billion, or 60.9% of the entire market. The blockchain recorded a 30-day fee revenue of $131 million, according to the data aggregator.
Bitcoin’s TVL is currently set at $1 billion.
The network of the second largest cryptocurrency, ETH, witness a 155% year-over-year increase in its fee revenue in the first quarter of this year, as the cryptocurrency market saw a bullish trend.
Tron comes in third with annual revenue of $459 million. Solana and BSC also recorded nine-figure revenues of $241 million and $176 million, respectively.
Notably, Tron is the second largest chain in the challenge scene with a TVL of $7.7 billion. BSC and Solana take third and fourth place with TVLs of $4.8 billion and $4.5 billion, according to Defi Llama.
Avalanche, zkSync Era, Optimism and Polygon reached the top 10 with $68 million, $59 million, $40 million and $23 million in year-over-year revenue, respectively.
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