Ethereum
Vitalik Buterin reveals five ways to rebuild Ethereum from scratch – DL News
- Ethereum architect shares his thoughts on smart contracts, EVM and other features.
- Buterin says Ethereum developers should have shipped proof of stake sooner.
- Ethereum is becoming more widespread with the advent of ETFs.
When 620 tired developers emerged after three days of non-stop coding at this year’s ETHBerlin event last week, few expected Vitalik Buterin to take the stage.
The co-founder and principal architect of Ethereum was a surprise guest.
What was even more surprising were some of his thoughts on building the second largest blockchain in the industry. Buterin detailed some of the regrets he had regarding Ethereum’s initial design.
For many listeners, his speech not only recalled the halcyon days of the network’s birth in 2014, but it also helped lay out the roadmap for the future of a cryptocurrency now worth $448 billion.
The United States has just approved an Ethereum spot exchange-traded fund, and BlackRock, the world’s largest asset manager, launched its own tokenized fund on the blockchain.
The Ethereum network has given rise to a vast ecosystem of developers and financial applications worth over 63 billion dollarsand it has become synonymous with decentralized finance.
List of things
Still, Buterin, a 30-year-old Canadian-Russian programmer, said he has a list of things he would have done differently. They range from the development of the Ethereum virtual machine to smart contracts and the Proof of Stake consensus mechanism.
And he noted that even as Ethereum becomes more widespread, it remains poorly understood.
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“Bitcoin has a simple narrative which is digital gold,” Buterin said. “But like with Ethereum, it’s like ‘Whoa, what is Ethereum?'”
ETHBerlin04 in numbers 🧮
– 802 super humans in total
– 627 hackers
– 83 project submissions
– 56 volunteers
– 40 experienced hosts
– 33 judges
– 18 mentors
– 15 main teams
– 13 speakers
– around twenty dogs– ETHBerlin04 (@ETHBerlin) May 26, 2024
Sitting on comfortable sofas on stage with ETHBerlin organizers Afri Schoedon and Franziska Heintel, Buterin opened his conversation by sharing his fondest memories of the German capital over the years: hacking in the old office with the co-founders of ‘Ethereum Gavin Wood and Jeffrey Wilcke, launching Devcon. Zero, and celebrating Merge upgrade in 2022.
Then Schoedon asked the question.
“With everything you know and everything you have learned over the last 10 years, how would you build Ethereum differently today if you could start from scratch? asked Schoeden.
Too many songs, too soon
Buterin’s first qualm concerns Ethereum’s virtual machine, which is essential to operating the network as a kind of decentralized crypto megacomputer.
He explained that Ethereum’s original EVM design used 256-bit processing instead of 64 or 32 bits.
In computer architecture, computing size is measured in bits, with larger bits providing better efficiency and processing more data. But 256 bits are very inefficient for most operations and can create a lot of overhead on a blockchain, even for simple tasks.
For a network in its infancy, Ethereum did not need to be optimized for this.
“The original design was way too over-equipped for 256-bit,” Buterin told the audience.
Optimizing smart contracts
Second, Buterin said that early Ethereum developers should have focused on making it easier to write smart contracts with fewer lines of code.
The reason? Added transparency.
With fewer lines of code, he says, “people can properly see and verify what’s going on inside them.”
Switch to a “shittier” version of staking
Instead of custom computers – called miners – running non-stop to secure a blockchain network, Ethereum has moved to a different model.
Ethereum’s move from one Proof of work consensus mechanism – the way nodes in a blockchain like Bitcoin agree on the state of transaction data – to Proof of Stake in 2022 should have happened much earlier, Buterin said.
“When we moved to Proof of Stake, we should have been prepared to move to a slightly crappier version of Proof of Stake sooner,” he said. “We ended up wasting a lot of cycles really trying to make the proof of stake perfect.”
Instead of miners, Ethereum is now secured by validators who have staked 32 Ethereum, worth approximately $124,000, to do the same thing – and to be rewarded for it. If they behave badly by validating fraudulent transactions for example, they are punished.
In short, the shift replaced raw, energy-intensive computing power with economic incentives.
“We could have saved a huge amount of trees if we had a much simpler proof of stake in 2018,” Buterin said.
Issue logs from day one
From large token transfers to backdoor honeypots, users can track money in crypto quite easily. This is partly thanks to automatic logging.
But as the industry advances, including moving from external accounts like MetaMask to smart wallets like Safe, some aspects of this crucial logging are lost.
In particular, automatic logs for Ether transfers.
“It should have been there from the beginning,” Buterin said. “This could have taken about 30 minutes of coding for me, Gav and Jeff. Instead, it’s an EIP.
Ethereum Improvement Proposals are formal proposals made by developers to change certain aspects of the Ethereum network.
EIP-7708which Buterin submitted on May 17, would bring precisely this change.
Ditch Keccak
Buterin also said he would have used SHA-2 for Ethereum encryption rather than the current encryption called Keccak.
To understand the difference, you need to delve a little into the history of cryptography, particularly how SHA-3 became a standard. Remember, before crypto became synonymous with celebrity memecoins and nine-digit initial coin offerings, it was complicated math.
When Ethereum was built, the encryption used was “hash function competition” – yes, that’s a thing.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology held the competition to create a new hashing standard alongside SHA-2.
Previous standards had been attacked and debunked. But SHA-2 was unscathed and NIST was simply looking for a safe alternative. After all, variety is the spice of life (and apparently crypto).
Keccak was just one of many contestants who entered the competition. During the competition, the team made some minor changes to their algorithms, resulting in them being crowned the winner. In other words: SHA-3.
The first Ethereum team, however, had already implemented a non-standardized version of Keccak. Essentially, Ethereum uses a pre-SHA-3 iteration.
Big oops, right?
Well, that meant that Ethereum developers needed a custom library – collections of reusable code that didn’t need to be rewritten from scratch – to support both SHA-3 and Keccak.
“We are not compatible with other systems using SHA-3,” said Marius van der Wijden, one of Ethereum’s main developers. DL News. “We need to support both algorithms in the EVM.”
It’s basically resolved. Today, major libraries support both encryption mechanisms.
So yes, big whoop indeed.
“It does not matter in the grand scheme of things and the current development is certainly not affected by it,” van der Wijden said.
The Ethereum Crack Team
Despite the list of minor design errors, Buterin said it’s inevitable that any project will have a few.
“I am really very happy to feel that our core developers and their ability to execute continue to increase year after year,” he said.
“We are able to correct some of these errors efficiently and safely.”
Liam Kelly is a DeFi correspondent at DL News. Do you have any advice? Email to liam@dlnews.com.
Ethereum
Cryptocurrency liquidations surpass $200 million as Ethereum and Bitcoin plummet
Cryptocurrency market liquidations hit their highest level in a week on Wednesday as the price of Bitcoin fell below $60,000.
Over the past 24 hours, over 74,000 traders have been liquidated for $208 million, CoinGlass the data shows it.
The majority of those losses, about $184 million, went to investors holding long positions who had bet on a price rise.
The largest liquidations hit Ethereum investors, at $55.5 million, almost entirely on long positions, the data showed.
Current issues surrounding US monetary policy, geopolitical tensions, and the upcoming US presidential election in November are expected to impact the price of the leading cryptocurrency throughout 2024.
Bitcoin abandoned The stock price fell from $62,200 to $59,425 intraday. The asset has since recovered its losses above $60,200, but is still down 3% over the past 24 hours.
Solana, the world’s fifth-largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization, was the worst hit among the top 10 cryptocurrencies, down about 8% to $140. Solana had been riding high on New York investment management firm VanEck’s filing of its Solana Trust exchange-traded fund late last month.
Major cryptocurrencies have been falling over the past month. Ethereum has fallen more than 12% over 30 days despite growing interest in the launch of Ethereum spot ETFs.
Some analysts predict that new financial products could begin marketing in mid-Julywith at least one company predicting that the price of ETH will then take offBitcoin is down 12% over the same period.
Certainly, analysts always see further price increases this yearThe current market cooling represents a precursor to another major price surge in the coming months, Decrypt reported Monday.
On Wednesday, analytics firm CryptoQuant released a report examining Bitcoin Mining Metrics and highlighted the conditions for a return of prices to current levels.
Edited by Sebastian Sinclair.
Ethereum
Volume up 90%: good for ETH price?
Ethereum (ETH) has emerged as a beacon in the sea of blockchains, with a staggering 92% increase in decentralized application (dApp) volume over the past week. But the news comes with a layer of complexity, revealing a landscape of both opportunity and potential setbacks for the leading blockchain.
Cheap gas fuels the fire
Analysts attribute the explosion in decentralized application volume to the Dencun upgrade in March, which significantly reduced gas costs – the cost associated with processing transactions on the Ethereum network.
Lower transaction fees have always attracted users, and this recent development seems to be no exception. The surge in activity suggests a revitalized Ethereum that is likely to attract new projects and foster a more vibrant dApp ecosystem.
NFT craze drives numbers up
While overall dApp volume (see chart below) paints a positive picture, a closer look reveals a more nuanced story. This surge appears to be driven primarily by an increase in NFT (non-fungible token) trading and staking activity.
Source: DappRadar
Apps like Blur and Uniswap’s NFT aggregator have seen significant surges, highlighting the rise of the NFT market on Ethereum. This trend indicates a thriving niche in the Ethereum dApp landscape, but raises questions about the platform’s diversification beyond NFTs.
A look at user engagement
A curious problem emerges when looking at user engagement metrics. Despite the impressive increase in volume, the number of unique active wallets (UAWs) on the Ethereum network has actually decreased.
Ethereum is now trading at $3,316. Chart: TradingView
This disconnect suggests that current activity could be driven by a smaller, more active user base. While high volume is certainly a positive indicator, seeing broader user participation is essential to ensuring the sustainability of the dApp ecosystem.
A glimmer of hope ?
A positive long-term indicator for Ethereum is the trend of decreasing holdings on the exchange, as reported by Glass nodeThis suggests that ETH holders are moving their assets off exchanges, potentially reducing selling pressure and contributing to price stability.
If this trend continues, ETH could potentially target $4,000 this quarter or even surpass its all-time high. However, this price prediction remains speculative and depends on various market forces.
Ether price expected to rise in coming weeks. Source: CoinCodex
Ethereum at a Crossroads
Ethereum is at a crossroads. Dencun Upgrade has clearly revitalized dApp activity, particularly in the NFT space. However, uneven dApp performance and the decline of the UAW are raising concerns about the long-term sustainability of this growth. Network growth, measured by the number of new addresses joining the network, is also slowing, according to Santiment, which could potentially hamper wider adoption.
The short-term price outlook for ETH remains uncertain. While long-term indicators, such as declining exchange holdings, suggest potential for price appreciation, slowing network growth could lead to a price decline in the short term.
Look forward to
The coming months will be crucial for Ethereum. The platform must capitalize on the renewed interest in dApps by attracting a broader user base and fostering a more diverse dApp ecosystem beyond NFTs. Addressing scalability issues and ensuring user-friendly interfaces will also be essential to sustain growth.
If Ethereum can overcome these challenges, it has the potential to cement its position as the premier platform for decentralized applications. However, if it fails to adapt, other waiting blockchains could capitalize on its shortcomings.
Featured image from Pexels, chart from TradingView
Ethereum
Ethereum, Bitcoin, and XRP Behind $1.5 Billion Losses in Cryptocurrency Scams
The first half of 2024 has seen a surge in major hacks in the cryptocurrency sector. Ethereum (ETH)Bitcoin (BTC) and XRP have resulted in losses of over $1.5 billion due to cryptocurrency scams. This year, over 200 major incidents have resulted in losses of approximately $1.56 billion.
Cryptocurrency Scam Losses Reach $1.5 Billion
According to data from Peck Shield Alert, only $319 million in lost crypto funds have been recovered. Furthermore, this year’s losses represent a staggering 293% increase over the same period in 2023, when losses totaled $480 million.
Overview of Cryptocurrency Scams in 2024, Source: PeckShieldAlert | X
Additionally, DeFi protocols have been the top targets for hackers, accounting for 59% of the total value stolen. More than 20 public chains have suffered major hacks during this period. Additionally, Ethereum, Bitcoin, and XRP top the list for the amount lost via cryptocurrency hacks.
Additionally, Ethereum and BNB Chain were the most frequently targeted, each accounting for 31.3% of the total hacks. Meanwhile, Arbitrum followed with 12.5% of the attacks. One of the most significant incidents occurred on June 3, 2024.
Bitcoin DMMa major Japanese cryptocurrency exchange, reported a major breach. Attackers stole 4,502.9 BTC, worth over $300 million at the time. The incident highlighted the vulnerabilities of exchanges, especially those that handle large volumes of digital assets.
Read also : XRP News: Whale Moves 63 Million Coins as Ripple Strengthens Its Case
Major XRP, ETH and BTC hacks
A week after the DMM Bitcoin attack on June 10, UwU Loana decentralized finance (DeFi) lending protocol, was compromised. The breach resulted in a loss of approximately $19.3 million in digital assets. The hack underscores the ongoing risks associated with DeFi platforms, which often operate with less regulatory oversight. The platform later offered a $5 million reward to catch the hacker.
Earlier this year, on February 3, 2024, Ripple co-founder Chris Larsen confirmed a major security breach involving his personal wallets. Initially, rumors circulated that Ripple itself was targeted. However, Larsen clarified that the hack involved his digital wallets and not Ripple’s corporate assets.
The hackers managed to transfer 213 million XRP tokens, worth approximately $112.5 million. Additionally, on-chain detective ZachXBT first alerted the community about the suspicious transactions. In response to the theft, Larsen and various cryptocurrency exchanges took swift action to mitigate the impact.
Several exchanges, including MEXC, Gate, Binance, Kraken, OKX, HTX, and HitBTC, collaborated to freeze a significant portion of the stolen funds. Binance alone froze $4.2 million worth of XRP to aid in the investigation.
Additionally, on April 2, 2024, FixedFloat, a Bitcoin Lightning-based exchange, experienced a security breach. Unauthorized transactions resulted in financial losses exceeding $3 million. This incident highlighted ongoing security issues for FixedFloat, following a similar breach earlier in the year.
The company has also faced significant challenges securing its platform against repeated attacks. Additionally, in February, hackers stole $26 million worth of Ethereum and Bitcoin from FixedFloat. These digital assets were then transferred to exchanges for profit.
Read also : Ethereum Doubles Bitcoin’s Network Fee Revenue, Thanks to Layer-2
Ethereum
Ethereum’s Year-Over-Year Revenue Tops Charts, Hitting $2.7 Billion
Ethereum blockchain has been in first place for a year incomesurpassing all major blockchains.
According to data provided by Lookonchain, Ethereum generated $2.72 billion in annual revenue, surpassing the Bitcoin network by a margin of $1.42 billion. The data shows that Bitcoin accumulated $1.3 billion in revenue over the same period.
Defi Llama Data watch that Ethereum is still the leader in decentralized finance (challenge) with a total value locked (TVL) of $58.4 billion, or 60.9% of the entire market. The blockchain recorded a 30-day fee revenue of $131 million, according to the data aggregator.
Bitcoin’s TVL is currently set at $1 billion.
The network of the second largest cryptocurrency, ETH, witness a 155% year-over-year increase in its fee revenue in the first quarter of this year, as the cryptocurrency market saw a bullish trend.
Tron comes in third with annual revenue of $459 million. Solana and BSC also recorded nine-figure revenues of $241 million and $176 million, respectively.
Notably, Tron is the second largest chain in the challenge scene with a TVL of $7.7 billion. BSC and Solana take third and fourth place with TVLs of $4.8 billion and $4.5 billion, according to Defi Llama.
Avalanche, zkSync Era, Optimism and Polygon reached the top 10 with $68 million, $59 million, $40 million and $23 million in year-over-year revenue, respectively.
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